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eu-charter

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Artigo 50.o - Direito a não ser julgado ou punido penalmente mais do que uma vez pelo mesmo delito

Artigo 50.o - Direito a não ser julgado ou punido penalmente mais do que uma vez pelo mesmo delito

Ninguém pode ser julgado ou punido penalmente por um delito do qual já tenha sido absolvido ou pelo qual já tenha sido condenado na União por sentença transitada em julgado, nos termos da lei.

    • Text:

      O artigo 4.o do Protocolo n.o 7 à CEDH tem a seguinte redacção:

      `1. Ninguém pode ser penalmente julgado ou punido pelas jurisdições do mesmo Estado por motivo de uma infracção pela qual já foi absolvido ou condenado por sentença definitiva, em conformidade com a lei e o processo penal desse Estado.

      2. As disposições do número anterior não impedem a reabertura do processo, nos termos da lei e do processo penal do Estado em causa, se factos novos ou recentemente revelados ou um vício fundamental no processo anterior puderem afectar o resultado do julgamento.

      3. Não é permitida qualquer derrogação ao presente artigo com fundamento no artigo 15.o da Convenção.`

      A regra `non bis in idem` é aplicável no direito da União (de entre uma vasta jurisprudência, ver, nomeadamente, o acórdão de 5 de Maio de 1966, Gutmann contra Comissão, processos 18/65 e 35/65, Colect. 1966, p. 150, e, mais recentemente, o acórdão do Tribunal de Primeira Instância de 20 de Abril de 1999, processos apensos T-305/94 e outros, Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV contra Comissão, Colect. 1999, p. II-931). Note-se que a regra de não cumulação diz respeito à cumulação de duas sanções da mesma natureza, no caso vertente penais.

      Nos termos do artigo 50.o, a regra `non bis in idem` não se aplica apenas entre os órgãos jurisdicionais de um mesmo Estado, mas também entre os órgãos jurisdicionais de vários Estados-Membros. Tal corresponde ao acervo do direito da União: ver os artigos 54.o a 58.o da Convenção de Aplicação do Acordo de Schengen e o acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça, de 11 de Fevereiro de 2003, processo C-187/01, Gözütok (Colect. 2003, p. I-1345), o artigo 7.o da Convenção relativa à Protecção dos Interesses Financeiros da Comunidade e o artigo 10.o da Convenção relativa à Luta contra a Corrupção. As excepções bem delimitadas pelas quais estas convenções permitem aos Estados-Membros derrogar à regra `non bis in idem` são abrangidas pela cláusula horizontal do n.o 1 do artigo 52.o, relativa às restrições. No que diz respeito às situações visadas pelo artigo 4.o do Protocolo n.o 7, a saber, a aplicação do princípio no interior de um mesmo Estado-Membro, o direito garantido tem o mesmo sentido e âmbito que o direito correspondente da CEDH.

      Source:
      Jornal Oficial da União Europeia C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      As presentes anotações, inicialmente elaboradas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção que redigiu a Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia, foram actualizadas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção Europeia, à luz das adaptações ao texto (nomeadamente aos artigos 51.o e 52.o) da Carta introduzidas pela Convenção Europeia e da evolução do direito da União. Embora não tenham em si força de lei, constituem um valioso instrumento de interpretação destinado a clarificar as disposições da Carta.

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