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eu-charter

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Člen 50 - Pravica, da se za isto kaznivo dejanje kazensko ne preganja ali kaznuje dvakrat

Člen 50 - Pravica, da se za isto kaznivo dejanje kazensko ne preganja ali kaznuje dvakrat

Nihče ne sme biti ponovno v kazenskem postopku ali kaznovan zaradi kaznivega dejanja, za katero je bil v Uniji v skladu z zakonom s pravnomočno sodbo že oproščen ali obsojen.

    • Text:

      4. člen Protokola št. 7 k EKČP se glasi:

      `1. Pravosodni organi iste države ne smejo nikogar ne kazensko preganjati ne kaznovati za kaznivo dejanje, za katero je bil na podlagi zakona in v skladu s kazenskim postopkom te države s pravnomočno sodbo že oproščen ali obsojen.

      2. Določbe prejšnjega odstavka ne preprečujejo obnove kazenskega postopka na podlagi zakona in skladno s kazenskim postopkom prizadete države, če obstajajo dokazi o novih ali na novo odkritih dejstvih ali pa če je v prejšnjih postopkih prišlo do bistvene napake, ki bi lahko vplivala na izid sojenja.

      3. Določila tega člena se ne smejo derogirati s sklicevanjem na 15. člen Konvencije.`

      Pravilo `non bis in idem` se uporablja v pravu Unije (glej med obsežno sodno prakso, sodbo Sodišča z dne 5. maja 1966 v združenih zadevah Gutmann proti Komisiji, 18/65 in 35/65, rec. 1966, str. 150 in za novejšo zadevo, sodbo Sodišča prve stopnje z dne 20. aprila 1999 v združenih zadevah Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV proti Komisiji, T-305/94 in druge, rec. 1999, str. II-931). Pravilo o prepovedi kumulacije se nanaša na kumulacijo dveh kazni enake vrste, v tem primeru kazni, izrečene na kazenskem sodišču.

      V skladu s členom 50 se pravilo `non bis in idem` ne uporablja zgolj v okviru sodne pristojnosti ene države, temveč tudi v okviru sodne pristojnosti več držav članic. To ustreza pravnemu redu Unije; glej člene 54 do 58 Konvencije o izvajanju schengenskega sporazuma in sodbo Sodišča z dne 11. februarja 2003 v zadevi Gözütok, C-187/01 rec. 2003, str. I-1345), člen 7 Konvencije o varstvu finančnih interesov Skupnosti in člen 10 Konvencije o boju proti korupciji. Zelo omejene izjeme v navedenih konvencijah, ki državam članicam omogočajo izjemo od pravila `non bis in idem`, so določene s horizontalno klavzulo člena 52(1) Listine o omejitvah. Kar zadeva primere iz 4. člena Protokola št. 7 EKČP, tj. uporabo načela v isti državi članici, ima zagotovljena pravica enak pomen in obseg kot ustrezna pravica v EKČP.

      Source:
      Uradni list Evropske unije C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      vV nadaljevanju navedena pojasnila so bila prvotno pripravljena pod vodstvom predsedstva Konvencije, ki je sestavilo Listino Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah. Ta pojasnila so bila posodobljena pod vodstvom predsedstva Evropske konvencije zaradi prilagoditve besedila Listine s strani omenjene konvencije (zlasti členov 51 in 52) in nadaljnjega razvoja prava Unije. Čeprav sama nimajo pravne veljave, so dragocena pomoč pri razlagi in pojasnjevanju določb Listine.

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