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EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Artykuł 48 - Domniemanie niewinności i prawo do obrony
1. Każdego oskarżonego uważa się za niewinnego, dopóki jego wina nie zostanie stwierdzona zgodnie z prawem. 2. Każdemu oskarżonemu gwarantuje się poszanowanie prawa do obrony.
Wyjaśnienia
- Text:
Artykuł 48 jest taki sam jak artykuł 6 ustępy 2 i 3 europejskiej Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności w brzmieniu:
`2. Każdego oskarżonego o popełnienie czynu zagrożonego karą uważa się za niewinnego do czasu udowodnienia mu winy zgodnie z ustawą.
3. Każdy oskarżony o popełnienie czynu zagrożonego karą ma co najmniej prawo do:
a) niezwłocznego otrzymania szczegółowej informacji w języku dla niego zrozumiałym o istocie i przyczynie skierowanego przeciwko niemu oskarżenia;
b) posiadania odpowiedniego czasu i możliwości do przygotowania obrony;
c) bronienia się osobiście lub przez ustanowionego przez siebie obrońcę, a jeśli nie ma wystarczających środków na pokrycie kosztów obrony – do bezpłatnego korzystania z pomocy obrońcy wyznaczonego z urzędu, gdy wymaga tego dobro wymiaru sprawiedliwości;
d) przesłuchania lub spowodowania przesłuchania świadków oskarżenia oraz żądania obecności i przesłuchania świadków obrony na takich samych warunkach jak świadków oskarżenia;
e) korzystania z bezpłatnej pomocy tłumacza, jeżeli nie rozumie lub nie mówi językiem używanym w sądzie.`.
Zgodnie z artykułem 52 ustęp 3 prawo to ma takie samo znaczenie i zakres jak prawo zagwarantowane przez europejską Konwencję o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności.
Source:Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej C 303/17 - 14.12.2007Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:Poniższe wyjaśnienia zostały pierwotnie sporządzone w ramach uprawnień Prezydium Konwentu, który opracował Kartę praw podstawowych Unii Europejskiej. Zostały uaktualnione pod kierunkiem Prezydium Konwentu Europejskiego z uwzględnieniem dostosowań dokonanych w tekście Karty przez ten Konwent (w szczególności w artykułach 51 i 52) oraz ewolucji prawa Unii. Mimo, że wyjaśnienia te nie posiadają wartości prawnej, są one cennym narzędziem wykładni przeznaczonym do wyjaśnienia postanowień Karty.
Orzecznictwo
- Criminal proceedings against UL and VMDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Seventh Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:411
- Criminal proceedings against VWDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Second Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:201
- SF,Decision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Fourth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:191
- SC v Eulex KosovoDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:176
- Attorney General v xxx ProiosDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Supreme CourtType:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:CY:AD:2020:A8
- Criminal proceedings against TX and UWDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Sixth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:94
- Komisia za protivodeystvie na koruptsiyata i za otnemane na nezakonno pridobitoto imushtestvo v BP and OthersDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2019:920
- REQUEST for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 TFEU, from the Spetsializiran nakazatelen sad (Specialised Criminal Court, Bulgaria)Decision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Second Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2019:670
- Rayonna prokuratura Lom v EPDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2019:590
- Glencore Agriculture Hungary Kft. v Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli IgazgatóságaDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2019:462
krajowego prawa konstytucyjnego
47 results found
- Constitution of the Republic of LithuaniaKraj:Lithuania
Article 31. A person shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to the procedure established by law and declared guilty by an effective court judgment. A person charged with committing a crime shall have the right to a public and fair hearing of his case by an independent and impartial court. It shall be prohibited to compel anyone to give evidence against himself, or his family members or close relatives. Punishment may be imposed or applied only on the grounds established by law. No one may be punished twice for the same offence. A person suspected of committing a crime, as well as the accused, shall be guaranteed, from the moment of his apprehension or first interrogation, the right to defence, as well as the right to an advocate.
- Lietuvos Respublikos KonstitucijaKraj:Lithuania
31 straipsnis. Asmuo laikomas nekaltu, kol jo kaltumas neįrodytas įstatymo nustatyta tvarka ir pripažintas įsiteisėjusiu teismo nuosprendžiu. Asmuo, kaltinamas padaręs nusikaltimą, turi teisę, kad jo bylą viešai ir teisingai išnagrinėtų nepriklausomas ir bešališkas teismas. Draudžiama versti duoti parodymus prieš save, savo šeimos narius ar artimus giminaičius. Bausmė gali būti skiriama ar taikoma tik remiantis įstatymu. Niekas negali būti baudžiamas už tą patį nusikaltimą antrą kartą. Asmeniui, kuris įtariamas padaręs nusikaltimą, ir kaltinamajam nuo jų sulaikymo arba pirmosios apklausos momento garantuojama teisė į gynybą, taip pat ir teisė turėti advokatą.
- Constitution of the Republic of LatviaKraj:Latvia
92. Everyone has the right to defend his or her rights and lawful interests in a fair court. Everyone shall be presumed innocent until his or her guilt has been established in accordance with law. Everyone, where his or her rights are violated without basis, has a right to commensurate compensation. Everyone has a right to the assistance of counsel.
- Latvijas Republikas SatversmeKraj:Latvia
92. Ikviens var aizstāvēt savas tiesības un likumiskās intereses taisnīgā tiesā. Ikviens uzskatāms par nevainīgu, iekams viņa vaina nav atzīta saskaņā ar likumu. Nepamatota tiesību aizskāruma gadījumā ikvienam ir tiesības uz atbilstīgu atlīdzinājumu. Ikvienam ir tiesības uz advokāta palīdzību.
- Constitution of the Italian RepublicKraj:Italy
Art. 24. Anyone may bring cases before a court of law in order to protect their rights under civil and administrative law. Defense is an inviolable right at every stage and instance of legal proceedings. The poor are entitled by law to proper means for action or defense in all courts. The law shall define the conditions and forms of reparation in case of judicial errors. Art. 27. (...) A defendant shall be considered not guilty until a final sentence has been passed. Art. 111. (...) In criminal law trials, the law provides that the alleged offender shall be promptly informed confidentially of the nature and reasons for the charges that are brought and shall have adequate time and conditions to prepare a defence. The defendant shall have the right to cross-examine or to have cross-examined before a judge the persons making accusations and to summon and examine persons for the defence in the same conditions as the prosecution, as well as the right to produce all other evidence in favour of the defence. The defendant is entitled to the assistance of an interpreter in the case that he or she does not speak or understand the language in which the court proceedings are conducted.
- Costituzione della Repubblica ItalianaKraj:Italy
Art. 24. Tutti possono agire in giudizio per la tutela dei propri diritti e interessi legittimi. La difesa è diritto inviolabile in ogni stato e grado del procedimento. Sono assicurati ai non abbienti, con appositi istituti, i mezzi per agire e difendersi davanti ad ogni giurisdizione. La legge determina le condizioni e i modi per la riparazione degli errori giudiziari. Art. 27. (…) L'imputato non è considerato colpevole sino alla condanna definitiva. Art. 111. (...) Nel processo penale, la legge assicura che la persona accusata di un reato sia, nel più breve tempo possibile, informata riservatamente della natura e dei motivi dell'accusa elevata a suo carico; disponga del tempo e delle condizioni necessari per preparare la sua difesa; abbia la facoltà, davanti al giudice, di interrogare o di far interrogare le persone che rendono dichiarazioni a suo carico, di ottenere la convocazione e l'interrogatorio di persone a sua difesa nelle stesse condizioni dell'accusa e l'acquisizione di ogni altro mezzo di prova a suo favore; sia assistita da un interprete se non comprende o non parla la lingua impiegata nel processo. (...)
- Unenumerated constitutional right identified by the Irish CourtsKraj:Ireland
The Irish High Court acknowledged the presumption of innocence as a fundamental element 'of the criminal law which is constitutionally protected as part of the right to fair trial' in O'Leary v. Attorney General [1993] 1 I.R. 102
- A Magyar Köztársaság AlkotmányaKraj:Hungary
57. §(…)(2) A Magyar Köztársaságban senki sem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg.(3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személyeket az eljárás minden szakaszában megilleti a védelem joga. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt. (...)
- Constitution of the Republic of HungaryKraj:Hungary
Article 57(…) (2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal culpability.(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense. (…)
- Magyarország AlaptörvényeKraj:Hungary
XXVIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (2) Senki nem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg.
(3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személynek az eljárás minden szakaszában joga van a védelemhez. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt. - The Fundamental Law of HungaryKraj:Hungary
Article XXVIII (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (2) No one shall be considered guilty until his or her criminal liability has been established by the final decision of a court.
(3) Persons subject to criminal proceedings shall have the right to defence at all stages of the procedure. Defence counsels shall not be held liable for their opinion expressed while providing legal defence. - Declaration of human and civic rights of 26 August 1789Kraj:France
Article 9 As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
- Civil CodeURL:Kraj:France
Art. 9-1 - (Act n° 93-2 of 4 Jan. 1993)Everyone has the right to respect of the presumption of innocence.(Act n° 2000-516 of 15 June 2000) Where, before any sentence, a person is publicly shown as being guilty of facts under inquiries or preliminary investigation, the court, even by interim order and without prejudice to compensation for injury suffered, may prescribe any measures, such as the insertion of a rectification or the circulation of a communiqué, in order to put an end to the infringement of the presumption of innocence, at the expenses of the natural or juridical person liable for that infringement.
- Code CivilURL:Kraj:France
Article 9-1 (Modifié par Loi n°2000-516 du 15 juin 2000 - art. 91 JORF 16 juin 2000)Chacun a droit au respect de la présomption d'innocence.Lorsqu'une personne est, avant toute condamnation, présentée publiquement comme étant coupable de faits faisant l'objet d'une enquête ou d'une instruction judiciaire, le juge peut, même en référé, sans préjudice de la réparation du dommage subi, prescrire toutes mesures, telles que l'insertion d'une rectification ou la diffusion d'un communiqué, aux fins de faire cesser l'atteinte à la présomption d'innocence, et ce aux frais de la personne, physique ou morale, responsable de cette atteinte.
- Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen du 26 août 1789Kraj:France
Article 9 Tout homme étant présumé innocent jusqu’à ce qu’il ait été déclaré coupable, s’il est jugé indispensable de l’arrêter, toute rigueur qui ne serait pas nécessaire pour s’assurer de sa personne doit être sévèrement réprimée par la loi.
- Code of Criminal ProcedureKraj:Estonia
§ 7. Presumption of innocence
(1) No one shall be presumed guilty of a criminal offence before a judgment of conviction has entered into force with regard to him or her.
(2) No one is required to prove his or her innocence in a criminal proceeding.
(3) A suspicion of guilt regarding a suspect or accused which has not been eliminated in a criminal proceeding shall be interpreted to the benefit of the suspect or accused. - Constitution of the Republic of EstoniaKraj:Estonia
Article 22. No one may be deemed guilty of a criminal offence before he or she has been convicted in a court and before the conviction has become final.
No one is required to prove his or her innocence in criminal proceedings.
No one may be compelled to testify against himself or herself, or against those closest to him or her. - Eesti Vabariigi PõhiseadusKraj:Estonia
§ 22. Kedagi ei tohi käsitada kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus. Keegi ei ole kriminaalmenetluses kohustatud oma süütust tõendama. Kedagi ei tohi sundida tunnistama iseenda või oma lähedaste vastu.
- Kriminaalmenetluse seadustikKraj:Estonia
§ 7. Süütuse presumptsioon.
(1) Kedagi ei käsitata kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus.
(2) Kriminaalmenetluses ei ole keegi kohustatud tõendama oma süütust.
(3) Kriminaalmenetluses kõrvaldamata kahtlus kahtlustatava või süüdistatava süüdiolekus tõlgendatakse tema kasuks. - The Constitution of the Republic of CyprusKraj:Cyprus
Article 12
4. Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
5. Every person charged with an offence has the following minimum rights: -
(a) to be informed promptly and in a language which he understands and in detail of the nature and grounds of the charge preferred against him;
(b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
(c) to defend himself in person or through a lawyer of his own choosing or, if he has no sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require;
(d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
(e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.