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eu-charter

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Article 50 - Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction

Article 50 - Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction

Nul ne peut être poursuivi ou puni pénalement en raison d'une infraction pour laquelle il a déjà été acquitté ou condamné dans l'Union par un jugement pénal définitif conformément à la loi.

    • Texte:

      L'article 4 du protocole no 7 à la CEDH se lit ainsi:

      `1. Nul ne peut être poursuivi ou puni pénalement par les juridictions du même État en raison d'une infraction pour laquelle il a déjà été acquitté ou condamné par un jugement définitif conformément à la loi et à la procédure pénale de cet État.

      2. Les dispositions du paragraphe précédent n'empêchent pas la réouverture du procès, conformément à la loi et à la procédure pénale de l'État concerné, si des faits nouveaux ou nouvellement révélés ou un vice fondamental dans la procédure précédente sont de nature à affecter le jugement intervenu.

      3. Aucune dérogation n'est autorisée au présent article au titre de l'article 15 de la Convention`.

      La règle `non bis in idem` s'applique dans le droit de l'Union (voir, parmi une importante jurisprudence, l'arrêt du 5 mai 1966, Gutmann c/Commission, aff. 18/65 et 35/65, rec. 1966, p. 150 et, pour une affaire récente, arrêt du Tribunal du 20 avril 1999, aff. jointes T-305/94 et autres, Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV c/Commission, rec. 1999, p. II-931). Il est précisé que la règle du non-cumul vise le cumul de deux sanctions de même nature, en l'espèce pénales.

      Conformément à l'article 50, la règle `non bis in idem` ne s'applique pas seulement à l'intérieur de la juridiction d'un même État, mais aussi entre les juridictions de plusieurs États membres. Cela correspond à l'acquis du droit de l'Union; voir les articles 54 à 58 de la Convention d'application de l'accord de Schengen et l'arrêt de la Cour de justice du 11 février 2003 dans l'affaire C-187/01 Gözütok (rec. 2003, p. I-1345), l'article 7 de la Convention relative à la protection des intérêts financiers de la Communauté et l'article 10 de la Convention relative à la lutte contre la corruption. Les exceptions très limitées par lesquelles ces conventions permettent aux États membres de déroger à la règle `non bis in idem` sont couvertes par la clause horizontale de l'article 52, paragraphe 1, sur les limitations. En ce qui concerne les situations visées par l'article 4 du protocole no 7, à savoir l'application du principe à l'intérieur d'un même État membre, le droit garanti a le même sens et la même portée que le droit correspondant de la CEDH.

      Source:
      Journal officiel de l'Union européenne C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Les explications qui figurent ci-après ont été établies initialement sous la responsabilité du praesidium de la Convention qui a élaboré la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne. Elles ont été mises à jour sous la responsabilité du praesidium de la Convention européenne, compte tenu des adaptations apportées au texte de la Charte par ladite Convention (notamment aux articles 51 et 52) et de l'évolution du droit de l'Union. Bien que ces explications n'aient pas en soi de valeur juridique, elles constituent un outil d'interprétation précieux destiné à éclairer les dispositions de la Charte.
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