This infosheet highlights the main findings of the report Experience of discrimination, social marginalisation and violence: A comparative study of Muslim and non-Muslim youth in three EU Member States.
This note outlines how to help ensure a dignified stay for third-country nationals who are apprehended or intercepted at external borders. Specifically, FRA identifies twelve points for protection-sensitive and fundamental rights-compliant planning and design of initial-reception facilities at such borders. These are based on the agency’s work at external borders, including data collection and research activities.
Case studies on specific housing initiatives for Roma and Travellers in the following countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain and United Kingdom.
The majority of irregular arrivals by sea to the European Union (EU) occur in the Mediterranean. Although the phenomenon is not widespread throughout the EU, it affects the EU as a whole. This publication reviews the solidarity measures the EU has established to support those countries most affected by irregular arrivals by sea. It will focus on the fundamental rights challenges raised by such measures but will not discuss whether these measures are sufficient and adequate for genuinely sharing the costs associated with the arrivals. This publication will also touch upon EU funding instruments and intra-EU relocation from Malta and more thoroughly describe the operational cooperation with Frontex.
Dieser FRA-Bericht (in Englisch) untersucht die Gegebenheiten an Europas südlichen Seegrenzen im Hinblick auf die wichtigsten Grundrechte einer Person – das Recht auf Leben und das Recht, nicht in ein Land zurückgeschickt zu werden, in dem Folter, Verfolgung oder unmenschliche Behandlung drohen. Der Bericht befasst sich mit der Überwachung der Seegrenzen und Ausschiffungsverfahren sowie mit allgemeinen Fragen wie der Politik der Europäischen Union (EU), der Ausbildung und den von Frontex koordinierten Einsätzen, und er prüft die Praktiken in den untersuchten EU-Mitgliedstaaten – Griechenland, Italien, Malta, Spanien und Zypern.
This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as general issues such as European Union (EU) policy, training and Frontex-coordinated operations, and examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.
Ce rapport de la FRA examine les conditions aux frontières maritimes méridionales de l’UE, relatives aux droits les plus fondamentaux d’une personne, tels que le droit à la vie et le droit de ne pas être renvoyé à la torture, à la persécution ou à des traitements inhumains. Il se penche sur la surveillance des frontières maritimes et les procédures de débarquement, ainsi que les questions générales telles que la politique de l’Union européenne (UE), la formation et les opérations coordonnées par Frontex, et examine les pratiques au sein des États membres de l’UE ayant fait l’objet de la recherche – l’Espagne, Chypre, la Grèce, l’Italie et Malte.
This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as training and Frontex-coordinated operations. It examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.
Der Situation an Grenzübergangsstellen der Landgrenzen zur Einreise in die EU wird weniger Auf‑
merksamkeit gewidmet als der Lage an Europas südlichen Seegrenzen, wo das Leben von Migran‑
ten und Migrantinnen gefährdet ist. An den Landgrenzen werden die Grenzübertrittskontrollen von
Drittstaatsangehörigen im Allgemeinen routinemäßig durchgeführt und verlaufen ohne Zwischen‑
fälle. Die Forschungsarbeiten der FRA zeigen jedoch, dass es auch hier eine Reihe von Herausfor‑
derungen gibt, die die Grundrechte von Reisenden beeinträchtigen. Diese reichen von respektloser
Behandlung bis hin zur Nichterkennung von Personen, die Schutz benötigen. Solche Herausforde‑
rungen dürfen nicht außer Acht gelassen werden.
The situation at land border crossing points into the EU has received less attention than
Europe’s southern sea borders, where migrants’ lives are at risk. Although FRA research
shows that land border checks of third-country nationals are generally conducted routinely
and take place without incident, a number of challenges affect travellers’ fundamental
rights.
La situation aux points de passage frontaliers terrestres de l’UE a bénéficié de moins d’attention
que celle aux frontières maritimes méridionales de l’Europe, où la vie des migrants est menacée.
Bien que les recherches de terrain de la FRA aient révélé que les contrôles aux frontières s’effectuent,
dans l’ensemble, de façon routinière et sans incident, les voyageurs peuvent rencontrer des
difficultés ayant une incidence sur leurs droits fondamentaux, qui ne devraient pas être négligées.
In 2019, the International Organization for Migration estimated that 1,866 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day. In recent years, a significant proportion of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. Since 2018, however, authorities in some EU Member States started viewing civil society-deployed rescue vessels with hostility. As a reaction, national authorities initiated about 40 administrative and criminal proceedings against crew members or vessels, including seizing the latter. In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues or the inability to meet technical requirements.
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as on any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. The International Organization for Migration estimates that from January to 15 June 2022 about 842 people died or went missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution, or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day.
Since October 2018, FRA has been publishing regular updates on NGO ships involved in search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean, and the status of legal proceedings against them. This latest update covers until the end of June 2023.