Kyseessä on erittäin nykyaikainen ihmisoikeuksien luettelo, jossa on monia sellaisia
oikeuksia, joita ei ole vakiintuneissa oikeusluetteloissa. Paperilla perusoikeuskirja
näyttääkin hyvältä. Ne, jotka tuntevat EU:n oikeuden pääperiaatteet, pystyvät tavallisesti sanomaan välittömästi, että peruskirja sitoo EU:ta aina ja jäsenvaltioita vain
silloin, kun ne ”soveltavat unionin oikeutta”. Mitä tämä usein siteerattu perusoikeuskirjan 51 artiklan kohta sitten todella tarkoittaa?
En tant que catalogue très moderne des droits de l’homme, la Charte inclut de nombreux
droits absents des déclarations de droits établies de longue date, et sa lecture
suscite une impression très favorable. Les personnes qui connaissent les grands
principes du droit de l’UE sont en général capables de réciter rapidement que la Charte
est toujours contraignante pour l’UE, et l’est pour les États membres uniquement
« lorsqu’ils mettent en oeuvre le droit de l’Union ». Mais que signifie cette expression
souvent citée de l’article 51 de la Charte ?
Rijec je o iznimno suvremenom skupu ljudskih prava koji sadržava brojna prava koja
nisu ukljucena u postojece povelje o pravima, što Povelju cini vrlo dojmljivom na
papiru. Oni upuceni u glavna nacela prava EU-a obicno mogu brzo izreci da je Povelja
uvijek obvezujuca za EU, a za države clanice obvezujuca je samo kad „provode zakonodavstvo
EU-a”. No što ta cesto citirana formulacija iz clanka 51. Povelje zapravo znaci?
Rendkívül korszerű emberi jogi jegyzékként számos olyan jogot foglal magában, amelyek más elfogadott alapjogi okmányokban nem szerepelnek, így a Charta papíron valóban jól mutat. Akik jól ismerik az uniós jog főbb elveit, rendszerint gyorsan fel tudják mondani, hogy a Charta az EU‑ra nézve mindig kötelező, a tagállamokra nézve viszont csak akkor, amikor „az uniós jogot hajtják végre”. De tulajdonképpen mit jelent a Chartának ez a sokat idézett 51. cikke?
Essendo un catalogo dei diritti umani molto moderno, che contiene molti diritti non
reperibili nelle carte dei diritti consolidate, la Carta sembra davvero buona a livello
teorico. Coloro che conoscono i principi fondamentali del diritto dell’UE possono di
solito recitare rapidamente che la Carta è sempre vincolante per l’UE e per gli Stati
membri solo quando «attuano il diritto dell’UE». Ma che cosa significa in realtà questa
espressione spesso citata dall’articolo 51 della Carta?
Almost 25 million children under 18 are at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU. Poverty deprives children of educational
opportunities, childcare, access to health care, adequate food and housing, family support and even protection from violence.
This report outlines data and survey findings that highlight the magnitude of child poverty in the EU, but also presents tools
available to counter this phenomenon and keep track of progress made.
This note draws attention to the recent trend of criminalising search and rescue operations (SAR) in the Mediterranean Sea carried out by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or other private entities. This includes seizing rescue vessels, as well as arrests for crew members, in some EU Member States. Most of such incidents concerned NGOs operating in the Central Mediterranean Sea.
With enormous volumes of data generated every day, more and more decisions are based on data analysis and algorithms. This can bring welcome benefits, such as consistency and objectivity, but algorithms also entail great risks. A FRA focus paper looks at how the use of automation in decision making can result in, or exacerbate, discrimination.
In November 2017, the European Commission requested FRA’s support in evaluating the impact on fundamental rights of the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) Regulation. Further to this request, FRA reviewed the work of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and analysed cooperation agreements concluded by EU Member States with third countries which are relevant for the exchange of information for the purposes of Eurosur. This report presents the main findings of such review.
Severe labour exploitation is widespread across the European Union. While workplace inspections can help counter this phenomenon, they need to be strengthened to do so effectively. Based on interviews and focus group discussions with almost 240 exploited workers active in diverse economic sectors, this report provides important evidence on how unscrupulous employers manipulate and undermine inspections, and on what can be done to counteract such efforts.
Workers are being severely exploited for their labour across the EU, and
inspections are not effective at stopping this reality. Based on interviews with
almost 240 workers – including non-EU citizens who came to the EU and
EU nationals who moved to another EU country to work – a new FRA report
outlines the problem and identifies ways to bolster inspections.
The founding treaties, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and secondary EU law all provide for EU citizens’ freedom to move and reside freely in any EU country of their choice. Growing numbers of citizens, and their family members, are making use of this freedom and related rights, such as the right not to be discriminated against based on nationality and the right to vote in certain elections in the host Member State. But making these rights a reality remains a challenge. This report presents an EU-wide, comparative overview of the application of the Free Movement Directive (2004/38/EC) across the 28 Member States based on a review of select case law at national level.
Across the European Union, Member States are faced with the challenge of integrating Europe’s most deprived
and disenfranchised minority groups. As a follow up to the EU-MIDIS II findings on Roma, this report presents
FRA’s findings relating to the issues of education and employment. Encouraging Roma participation in education
and employment equips communities with higher incomes, better life opportunities and greater social inclusion.
The EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC) in Article 8 (6) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the Directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system.
Across the European Union, people face hatred because of their skin colour, ethnicity, religion, gender or sexuality. In response, the EU and its Member States have introduced laws against hate crime and support services for victims. But these will only fulfil their potential if victims report hate-motivated harassment and violence to the police, and if police officers record such incidents as hate crimes. This report provides rich and detailed information on hate crime recording and data collection systems across the EU, including any systemic cooperation with civil society.
The stories of the domestic workers FRA interviewed for this paper reveal appalling working conditions and fundamental rights abuses in private homes across the EU. These stories indicate that, seven years on from FRA’s first report on domestic workers in 2011, little has changed in terms of the risks and experiences of severe labour exploitation domestic workers in the EU face.
European societies are not getting any younger! It is a simple truth we must face both about ourselves and Europe as a whole. In two generations, by 2080, those aged 65 or above will account for almost 30% of the European Union’s population.
L’année 2017 a été marquée à la fois par des avancées et des régressions en matière de protection des droits fondamentaux. Le rapport sur les droits fondamentaux 2018 de la FRA examine les principales évolutions intervenues dans l’Union entre janvier et décembre 2017 et présente les avis de la FRA à cet égard.
The year 2017 brought both progress and setbacks in terms of rights protection. The European Pillar of Social Rights marked an important move towards a more ‘social Europe’. But, as experiences with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights underscore, agreement on a text is merely a first step. Even in its eighth year as the EU's binding bill of rights, the Charter's potential was not fully exploited, highlighting the need to more actively promote its use.