Η ευρωπαϊκή νομοθεσία κατά των διακρίσεων, η οποία αποτελείται ειδικότερα από τις οδηγίες
της ΕΕ κατά των διακρίσεων, καθώς και από το άρθρο 14 και το δωδέκατο πρωτόκολλο της
Ευρωπαϊκής Σύμβασης των Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου απαγορεύει τις διακρίσεις σε διάφορους
τομείς και για διάφορους λόγους. Το παρόν εγχειρίδιο εξετάζει την ευρωπαϊκή νομοθεσία κατά
των διακρίσεων, όπως αυτή απορρέει από τις δύο αυτές πηγές που λειτουργούν συμπληρωματικά
μεταξύ τους, παραπέμποντας αδιακρίτως και στις δύο όποτε αυτές αλληλοεπικαλύπτονται,
επισημαίνοντας, όμως, ταυτόχρονα, τυχόν διαφορές τους.
European non-discrimination law, as constituted in particular by the EU non-discrimination
directives, and Article 14 of and Protocol 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights, prohibits
discrimination across a range of contexts and grounds. This handbook examines European non-discrimination
law stemming from these two sources as complementary systems, drawing on
them interchangeably to the extent that they overlap, while highlighting differences where
these exist.
La legislación europea contra la discriminación, integrada por las Directivas de la UE en materia de no discriminación y el artículo 14 y el Protocolo n.o 12 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, prohíben la discriminación en una gama de contextos y por una serie de motivos. En este manual se analiza la legislación europea contra la discriminación derivada de estas dos fuentes, que funcionan como sistemas complementarios, acudiendo indistintamente a uno u otro en los casos en que se superpongan y resaltando también las diferencias existentes.
Il diritto europeo in materia di non discriminazione, costituito dalle direttive dell’UE contro la discriminazione e dalla convenzione per la salvaguardia dei diritti dell’uomo e delle libertà fondamentali (CEDU), in particolare l’articolo 14 e il protocollo n. 12, vieta le discriminazioni in tutta una serie di contesti e per tutta una serie di motivi. Il presente manuale passa in rassegna il diritto europeo in materia di non discriminazione derivante da queste due fonti quali sistemi complementari, attingendo a entrambi in modo intercambiabile, quando si sovrappongono, ed evidenziando le differenze dove esistono.
Dreptul european privind nediscriminarea, așa cum a fost constituit prin directivele UE privind
nediscriminarea și prin articolul 14 din Convenția europeană pentru apărarea drepturilor omului și
a libertăților fundamentale și prin Protocolul nr. 12 la convenție, interzice discriminarea într-o serie
de contexte și pentru o gamă largă de criterii. Prezentul manual analizează dreptul european privind
nediscriminarea rezultat din aceste două surse cu titlu de sisteme complementare, făcând referire
la oricare dintre acestea în măsura în care se suprapun și semnalând diferențele, acolo unde există.
Civil society organisations in the European Union play a crucial role in promoting fundamental rights, but it has become harder for them to do so – due to both legal and practical restrictions. This report looks at the different types and patterns of challenges faced by civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU.
This report is FRA’s second publication addressing a European Parliament request for in-depth research on the impact of surveillance on fundamental rights. It updates FRA’s 2015 legal analysis on the topic, and supplements that analysis with field-based insights gained from extensive interviews with diverse experts in intelligence and related fields, including its oversight.
Muslims living in the EU face discrimination in a broad range of settings – and particularly when looking for work, on the job, and when trying to access public or private services. The report examines how characteristics – such as an individual's first and last name, skin colour and the wearing of visible religious symbols like a headscarf, for example – may trigger discriminatory treatment and harassment.
In 2006 the EU issued its Data Retention Directive. According to the Directive, EU Member States had to store electronic telecommunications data for at least six months and at most 24 months for investigating, detecting and prosecuting serious crime. In 2016, with an EU legal framework on data retention still lacking, the CJEU further clarified what safeguards are required for data retention to be lawful.This paper looks at amendments to national data retention laws in 2016 after the Digital Rights Ireland judgment.
Diverse efforts at both EU and national levels sought to bolster fundamental rights protection in 2016, while some measures threatened to undermine such protection.
Hate crime is the most severe expression of discrimination and a core fundamental rights abuse. The European Union (EU) has demonstrated its resolve to tackle hate crime with legislation such as the 2008 Framework Decision on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. Nonetheless, the majority of hate crimes perpetrated in the EU remain unreported and therefore invisible, leaving victims without redress.
The treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern across the European Union (EU). With this checklist, FRA aims to help professionals by providing a list of actions that need to be taken for judicial proceedings to be child-friendly.
Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU)
every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their
effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the
treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern.
Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU) every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern. FRA investigated to what extent children’s rights to be heard, to be informed, to be protected, and to non-discrimination are fulfilled in practice.
EU Member States are increasingly involved in border management activities on the high seas, within – or i cooperation with – third countries, and at the EU’s borders. Such activities entail risks of violating the principle of non-refoulement, the cornerstone of the international legal regime for the protection of refugees, which prohibits returning individuals to a risk of persecution. This report aims to encourage fundamental-rights compliant approaches to border management, including by highlighting potential grey areas.
EU Member States are increasingly involved in border management activities on the high seas, within – or in cooperation with – third countries, and at the EU’s borders. Such activities entail risks of violating the principle of non-refoulement, the cornerstone of the international legal regime for the protection of refugees, which prohibits returning individuals to a risk of persecution. This guidance outlines specific suggestions on how to reduce the risk of refoulement in these situations – a practical tool developed with the input of experts during a meeting held in Vienna in March of 2016.
Με το 80 % των Ρομά που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα να ζουν κάτω από το όριο κινδύνου φτώχειας στη χώρα τους, έναν στους τρεις Ρομά να ζει σε νοικοκυριό χωρίς τρεχούμενο νερό, ένα στα τρία παιδιά Ρομά να ζει σε νοικοκυριό όπου κάποιος πήγε για ύπνο νηστικός τουλάχιστον μία φορά τον περασμένο μήνα και τα παιδιά Ρομά να υστερούν έναντι των μη Ρομά συνομηλίκων τους στην εκπαίδευση, η παρούσα έκθεση αναδεικνύει μια ανησυχητική πλην όμως αναπόδραστη πραγματικότητα: η μεγαλύτερη εθνοτική μειονότητα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης συνεχίζει να αντιμετωπίζει διακρίσεις και άνιση πρόσβαση σε διάφορες βασικές υπηρεσίες.
Some 80% of Roma surveyed live below their country’s at-risk-of-poverty threshold; every third Roma lives in housing without tap water; every third Roma child lives in a household where someone went to bed hungry at least once in the previous month; and 50% of Roma between the ages of six and 24 do not attend school. This EU-MIDIS II report underscores an unsettling but unavoidable reality: the European Union’s largest ethnic minority continues to face intolerable discrimination and unequal access to vital services.
Dado que casi el 80 % de los miembros de los hogares romaníes entrevistados viven por debajo del umbral de riesgo de pobreza vigente en su país; que uno de cada tres carece de agua corriente en su vivienda; que uno de cada tres niños romaníes vive en un hogar en el que alguno de sus miembros se acostó con hambre al menos una vez durante el mes anterior a la encuesta, y que los niños romaníes se encuentran muy rezagados en relación con los niños no pertenecientes a esta etnia en todos los indicadores educativos, el presente informe pone de relieve una realidad inquietante aunque inevitable: la minoría étnica más numerosa de la Unión Europea sigue haciendo frente a la discriminación y a la desigualdad en el acceso a una serie de servicios vitales.
Con l’80 % dei Rom intervistati che vive al di sotto della soglia di rischio di povertà del proprio Stato membro di residenza, uno su tre che abita in alloggi privi di acqua corrente, un bambino o adolescente Rom su tre in una famiglia in cui un membro si è coricato affamato almeno una volta nel corso del mese precedente e i bambini Rom che restano indietro rispetto ai compagni non Rom in tutti gli indicatori relativi all’istruzione, questa relazione sottolinea una realtà tanto inquietante quanto inevitabile: la più numerosa minoranza etnica dell’Unione europea continua a essere vittima di discriminazione e accesso non paritario a diversi servizi fondamentali.