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17
November
2025

Regulating online terrorist content – Balancing public safety and fundamental rights

Online terrorist content is a threat to fundamental rights, rule of law and democracy. EU measures to tackle such content aim to prevent terrorism while upholding these values. FRA’s report looks at how online terrorist content is detected and removed under EU legislation. It highlights challenges in interpreting rules, risks of over-removal and potential impacts on freedom of expression. It finds that moderation practices by authorities and platforms can disproportionately affect certain groups, such as Muslims and Arabic speakers, while far-right content often receives less scrutiny. The findings, based on research and expert interviews with those addressing online terrorist content, offer ways to improve transparency in content moderation and to better balance public security and fundamental rights, contributing to wider debates on regulating online content responsibly.


  • Charter  European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights
  • CJEU  Court of Justice of the European Union
  • DSA  Digital Services Act
  • ECHR  European Convention on Human Rights
  • ECtHR  European Court of Human Rights
  • EDPS  European Data Protection Supervisor
  • EU  European Union
  • Europol  European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation
  • FRA  European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
  • GIFCT  Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism
  • HSP  hosting service provider
  • PERCI  EU Platform on Illicit Content Online
  • TCO  Terrorist Content Online
  • UN  United Nations