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30
July
2025

​Investigating alleged ill-treatment at the European Unions’ external borders – 2025 update

This publication looks at how EU countries investigate abuse and ill-treatment at their borders. While more incidents are now raised with judicial authorities, convictions remain rare. Covering incidents up to the end of 2024 - including serious cases and shipwrecks - it also highlights the role of Frontex and pending cases before the European Court of Human Rights. It builds on FRA’s 2024 Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders which outlines ways to make investigations more effective.

About this publication

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.

Neither the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights nor any person acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025

Recommended citation: FRA (2025), ​Investigating alleged  ill-treatment at the European Unions' external borders – 2025 update, Vienna.

HTML

  • TK-01-25-024-EN-Q
  • ISBN: 978-92-9489-667-4
  • DOI: 10.2811/2131463

PDF

  • TK-01-25-024-EN-N
  • ISBN: 978-92-9489-668-1
  • DOI: 10.2811/2970341

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