Het Europese non-discriminatierecht, dat met name wordt gevormd door de EU-richtlijnen inzake non-discriminatie en door artikel 14 van en protocol 12 bij het Europese Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens, verbiedt discriminatie op basis van diverse contexten en gronden. Dit handboek onderzoekt het Europees non-discriminatierecht dat voortvloeit uit deze twee complementaire bronnen, en maakt daarbij geen onderscheid tussen beide, tenzij daar waar ze van elkaar afwijken.
A legislação europeia antidiscriminação, constituída, em particular, pelas diretivas da UE em matéria
de não discriminação, pelo artigo 14.o da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem e pelo
Protocolo n.o 12 a esta convenção, proíbe a discriminação em diversos contextos e com base em
diversos motivos. O presente manual examina a legislação europeia neste domínio, tal como
decorre dessas duas fontes, remetendo indiferenciadamente para um ou outro destes sistemas
jurídicos complementares nas situações em que os mesmos se sobrepõem, ou assinalando as
diferenças onde estas existem.
Európske antidiskriminačné právo ustanovené antidiskriminačnými smernicami EÚ, ako aj článkom
14 Európskeho dohovoru Rady Európy o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd a jeho protokolu
č. 12 zakazuje diskrimináciu v celom rade súvislostí a na základe rozmanitých dôvodov. V tejto
príručke sa skúma európske antidiskriminačné právo prameniace z týchto dvoch zdrojov ako
komplementárnych systémov, pričom sa z nich striedavo vychádza v rozsahu, v akom sa prekrývajú,
a zdôrazňujú sa prípadné rozdiely.
Evropsko protidiskriminacijsko pravo, kot ga določajo zlasti protidiskriminacijske direktive Evropske
unije, člen 14 Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah in 12. Protokol k tej konvenciji, prepoveduje
diskriminacijo na različnih področjih in zaradi različnih razlogov. Ta priročnik pojasnjuje evropsko
protidiskriminacijsko pravo, kot izhaja iz navedenih dveh komplementarnih sistemov. Izmenjuje
navaja področja, kjer se ureditvi vsebinsko prekrivata, in izpostavlja razlike med njima.
Den europeiska icke-diskrimineringslagstiftningen, som i huvudsak består av EU:s ickediskrimineringsdirektiv och artikel 14 i och protokoll nr 12 till Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna, förbjuder diskriminering på en rad olika grunder och i olika sammanhang. Den här handboken innehåller en genomgång av den europeiska icke-diskrimineringslagstiftning som härrör från dessa två källor. De ses som två kompletterande system som delvis överlappar varandra. I de fall de skiljer sig åt påpekas detta.
Seventeen years after adoption of EU laws that forbid discrimination, immigrants, descendants of immigrants, and minority ethnic groups continue to face widespread discrimination across the EU and in all areas of life – most often when seeking employment. For many, discrimination is a recurring experience. This is just one of the findings of FRA’s second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II), which collected information from over 25,500 respondents with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across all 28 EU Member States.
This survey involved interviews with 25,515 people with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across 28 EU countries. It explores issues concerning discrimination as well as experiences of harassment, hate-motivated violence and discriminatory profiling.
This report provides an overview of data on antisemitism as recorded by
international organisations and by official and unofficial sources in the 28 European
Union (EU) Member States, based on their own definitions and categorisations.
This report is FRA’s second publication addressing a European Parliament request for in-depth research on the impact of surveillance on fundamental rights. It updates FRA’s 2015 legal analysis on the topic, and supplements that analysis with field-based insights gained from extensive interviews with diverse experts in intelligence and related fields, including its oversight.
In 2006 the EU issued its Data Retention Directive. According to the Directive, EU Member States had to store electronic telecommunications data for at least six months and at most 24 months for investigating, detecting and prosecuting serious crime. In 2016, with an EU legal framework on data retention still lacking, the CJEU further clarified what safeguards are required for data retention to be lawful.This paper looks at amendments to national data retention laws in 2016 after the Digital Rights Ireland judgment.
This report outlines examples of community policing measures in select EU Member State regions and localities with recently arrived asylum seekers and migrants. It focuses on four main issues: 1) community policing, 2) related police training, 3) community involvement (for example: consultations; giving voice to the concerns of local communities; police involvement in local responses to concerns), and 4) crime prevention activities.
This Consolidated Annual Activity Report (CAAR) provides
an overview of the activities and achievements
of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
(FRA) in 2016.
Hate crime is the most severe expression of discrimination and a core fundamental rights abuse. The European Union (EU) has demonstrated its resolve to tackle hate crime with legislation such as the 2008 Framework Decision on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. Nonetheless, the majority of hate crimes perpetrated in the EU remain unreported and therefore invisible, leaving victims without redress.
The Council of the EU requested this FRA Opinion in its Conclusions on business and human rights. The expert opinion sought from FRA was to look at “possible avenues to lower barriers for access to remedy at the EU level” – the third of three pillars of the UN Guiding Principles.
The treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern across the European Union (EU). With this checklist, FRA aims to help professionals by providing a list of actions that need to be taken for judicial proceedings to be child-friendly.
Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU)
every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their
effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the
treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern.
Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU) every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern. FRA investigated to what extent children’s rights to be heard, to be informed, to be protected, and to non-discrimination are fulfilled in practice.
Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats,
harassment, property damage and graffiti or other forms of text, including on the
internet. The present report relates to manifestations of antisemitism as they are
recorded by international organisations, and by official and unofficial sources in the
28 EU Member States.
EU Member States have largely implemented, and started applying, three instruments on transferring prison sentences, probation measures and alternative sanctions, as well as pre-trial supervision measures, to other Member States. This report provides an overview of their first experiences with these measures, highlighting both best practices and shortcomings.