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Monitoring and recording antisemitism in the EU – State of play and ways forward

This report looks at antisemitism in the EU, focusing on what can be done to address gaps in recording and inconsistencies in data collection. It highlights existing tools and guidance for Member States to improve their recording systems. The analysis is based on official government statistics and information from publicly available sources across EU Member States, as well as Albania, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Detailed country overviews are available for all countries covered. Antisemitism has been monitored by FRA since 2004.
This report builds on the 2024 publication, ‘Jewish People’s Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism’.


Conclusion

More than 80 years after the Holocaust, Jewish people across the EU continue to regularly experience antisemitism. The EU and its Member States are bound by EU law to take any action they can to ensure that Jewish people across the EU can fully enjoy their rights.

In this regard, it is useful to recall that the EU and its Member States have made specific commitments to improve the recording of antisemitic incidents. However, significant gaps persist, as this report shows. The relevant national authorities can draw on existing practical tools and guidance that can be applied in the context of combating antisemitism.

Member States have contributed to developing these tools and guidance in the context of the fight against hate crime, both in the framework of the OSCE and in that of the EU High-Level Group on combating hate speech and hate crime. By coming together in such fora, Member States also have the possibility to exchange practices on what they do to improve the recording and encourage the reporting of antisemitic incidents and on how best to provide support to victims of antisemitism. The importance of involving civil society organisations, Jewish community organisations and statutory bodies such as national human rights institutions and equality bodies in these endeavours should also be underlined.

Taken together, these actions would help ensure that victims of antisemitism can seek and get redress and live their life in dignity.